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Flow/Redox Batteries
Management Report

 

This report forms part of EscoVale's management study on electrical energy storage technologies applications and markets.

The flow battery report, available in printed or electronic format, provides a timely analysis of one of the more compelling storage technologies. There can be no doubt that it would be on the receiving end of a multi-$bn stampede, if products were available today at the performance and price levels envisaged for mature systems. It has all the hallmarks of a winning technology - there are obvious but largely unexploited market opportunities; diverse application areas; massive potential markets; a proven track-record, demonstrating that at least some variants of the technology actually work; plausible routes to achieving cost-reduction and performance-improvement targets; and modest technical risk. 

This is a dangerous time, as developers of every other wunderkind energy technology can testify!  As usual, it will take longer and cost more than developers can readily afford, to complete the development of acceptable, market-ready products; and yet more time before these are accepted as mainstream solutions by cautious purchasers - who have got by quite well up to now, without any help from flow batteries. A sizeable casualty list will grow further, but the rewards for those still standing when the market finally lifts off are already attracting new developers, backers and well-wishers.

This report is an essential management guide, enabling readers to gain a thorough and independent insight into the flow battery sector, and to assess fully its implications for their organizations.

Flow Batteries

Numerous flow / redox battery technologies are under development (several vanadium categories, zinc bromine, iron chromium, cerium zinc, polysulphide bromine and others).  Their development status ranges from laboratory based R&D through to field demonstrators on the verge of commercialization.  Target applications start at single-digit kW power levels and extend to 10s and ultimately 100s of MW.

The business case for a particular installation will normally include a high-energy (multi-hour) duty, but flow batteries can be very responsive and thus have the potential to generate additional revenue through provision of power quality or other functions - at the minute, second or millisecond level.

A key feature of most flow batteries is that the energy is stored in charged electrolytes, outside the cell.  There are major benefits in separating the "power" function (determined by the size and number of cells) from the "energy" function (determined by the volume of electrolyte).  Flow batteries can be built with a much greater storage capacity than most other battery types.  The inert electrodes confer another distinctive flow battery feature - exceptional cycle life.  In addition to electrical recharging, flow batteries can be rapidly replenished by electrolyte exchange (and, in one innovation, by converting the chemical energy in a feedstock).  Properties such as these, together with the promise of commercial viability within a marketplace that is increasingly receptive to storage, justify the strong interest in flow batteries that has developed in recent years. 

The objective of this report is to give a thorough understanding of the technical and commercial issues for each technology, providing a solid framework within which potential users, investors and suppliers can make informed decisions. This is accompanied by an objective review of market prospects, where the fact that this is part of a study covering many storage technologies helps to avoid the bias often encountered in single-topic studies. 

The best part of 20MW and 100MWh of flow battery installations have demonstrated the concep
t.  As developers attempt to move from prototypes and demonstrators to commercial-scale production, this report offers insights into the issues that they will face and the market opportunities that will follow.

More than half the report is allocated to the applications and commercial prospects for long duration storage.  We investigate the nature of the opportunity and the scale of the accessible markets in: renewable energy projects; supply-side and user-side energy management; end-user applications associated with high integrity power provision, distributed generation, off-grid / weak grid locations; and a range of mobile applications.  We analyze the development of these markets, and their accessibility to products such as flow batteries, providing a sound basis for realistic forecasts.

The forecasts have global scope.  They cover the difficult near-term period, the transition to the next market expansion phase (expected to begin in earnest in the early 2010s), the subsequent evolution to 2025; and longer term development to 2050.  Forecasts are given in MW/year (aggregate rated power), GWh/year (aggregate storage capacity per cycle), value and units.  The report includes estimates of the changing market distribution, by territory, application and rating.

Report Preparation

Flow Batteries: Technologies, Applications and Markets is a report of some 300 pages prepared by a team including EscoVale personnel and others (notably Anthony Price of Swanbarton). EscoVale has supplied around 500 management reports concerned with emerging energy technologies, to more than 150 clients from six continents, giving it a leading position in this area. 

Anthony Price has worked for engineering contractors and consultants in a variety of technical and commercial roles and has considerable experience in developing and commercializing energy storage technologies.  He has worked in intellectual property strategy and administration, market research and due diligence work for technology transfer and new business development.  He is a member of the US DOE’s Peer Review Panel on Energy Storage Systems, and a member of the Electricity Storage Association’s advisory committee, having been an elected director for five years.

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